Measurement of stream cross section using ground penetration radar with Hilbert–Huang transform          下载免费PDF全文

Yen‐Chang Chen  Su‐Pai Kao  Jhong‐Hua Wu 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2468-2477

This study presents a new method to measure stream cross section without having contact with water. Compared with conventional measurement methods which apply instruments such as sounding weight, ground penetration radar (GPR), used in this study, is a non‐contact measurement method. This non‐contact measurement method can reduce the risk to hydrologists when they are conducting measurements, particularly in high flow period. However, the original signals obtained by using GPR are very complex, different from studies in the past where the measured data were mostly interpreted by experts with special skill or knowledge of GPR so that the results obtained were less objective. This study employs Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) to process GPR signals which are difficult to interpret by hydrologists. HHT is a newly developed signal processing method that can not only process the nonlinear and non‐stationary complex signals, but also maintain the physical significance of the signal itself. Using GPR with HHT, this study establishes a non‐contact stream cross‐section measurement method with the ability to measure stream cross‐sectional areas precisely and quickly. Also, in comparison with the conventional method, no significant difference in results is found to exist between the two methods, but the new method can considerably reduce risk, measurement time, and manpower. It is proven that the non‐contact method combining GPR with HHT is applicable to quickly and accurately measure stream cross section. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1977 - 2017年雅江流域中下游大气/地面冻融指数时空变化特征     

刘磊  罗栋梁 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):812-822

冻结指数是某个地区冻结期长短和严寒程度的综合表征， 融化指数是某个地区融化期长短及正积温高低的综合度量， 冻融指数也是计算活动层厚度和季节冻结深度的关键参数， 并可用于多年冻土分布预报。利用雅鲁藏布江（雅江）流域中下游11个气象站点的逐日气温、 地面温度数据计算了1977 - 2017年大气及地面冻融指数， 并分析其时空变化趋势。结果表明： 雅江流域中下游近40年来冻结指数呈显著下降趋势， 大气冻结指数、 地面冻结指数、 大气融化指数、 地面融化指数多年变化范围分别为208.4 ~ 508.0、 136.9 ~ 371.0、 2 171.8 ~ 2 499.8、 3 350.2 ~ 4 315.2 ℃·d； 其气候倾斜率分别为-36.6、 -48.7、 90.7、 115.8 ℃·d·（10a）^-1。雅江流域大气和地面冻结指数以海拔4 488.8 m的嘉黎最大， 海拔2 991.9 m的林芝最小； 大气和地面融化指数则以海拔3 560 m的泽当最大， 海拔4 488.8 m的嘉黎最小。流域内大气负温日数变化规律与地面负温日数变化趋势基本一致， 其气候倾向率分别是-6.28 d·（10a）^-1和-5.57 d·（10a）^-1。研究结果可为雅江流域冻土预报， 冻融作用所形成的冰缘地貌研究及其引发的地质灾害如冻融滑塌、 冻融泥流等灾害的监测与预防提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Threshold of motion of bivalve and gastropod shells under oscillatory flow in flume experiments     

Cristiano Fick  Eduardo Puhl  Elírio Ernestino Toldo Jr 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):627-648

The threshold of motion of non-fragmented mollusc shells was studied for the first time under oscillatory flow. In this regard, flume experiments were used to investigate the threshold of motion of three bivalve and three gastropod species, two typical mollusc classes of coastal coquina deposits. The sieve diameters ranged from 2·0 to 15·9 mm. These experiments were performed on a flat-bottom setup under regular non-breaking waves (swell) produced by a flap-type wave generator. The critical Shields values for each species of mollusc were plotted against the sieve and nominal diameter. Moreover, the dimensionless Corey shape factor of the shells was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of mollusc shell shapes on the threshold of motion. According to their critical Shields parameter, the mollusc threshold data under oscillatory flow present smaller values than the siliciclastic sediments when considering their sieve diameter. In addition, the mollusc datasets are below the empirical curves built from siliciclastic grain data under current and waves. When considering the nominal diameter, the critical Shields parameter increases and the mollusc data are closer to siliciclastic sediments. Bivalves, which have a flat-concave shape (form factor: 0·27 to 0·37), have a higher critical Shields parameter for smaller particles and more uniform datasets than the gastropod scattered data, which have a rounded shape (form factor: 0·58 to 0·62) and have varied morphologies (ellipsoidal, conical and cubic). The comparison between previous current-driven threshold data of bioclastic sediment motion and the data of mollusc whole shells under oscillatory flow shows a fair correlation on the Shields diagram, in which all datasets are below the mean empirical curves for siliciclastic sediments. These findings indicate that the shape effect on the transport initiation is predominant for smaller shells. The use of the nominal diameter is satisfactory to improve the bioclastic and siliciclastic data correlation.  相似文献   

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）技术在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

赵韬  张明义  裴万胜  王金国  岳攀  毕骏 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):1087-1097

多年冻土区地表变形严重影响着区域内生态环境和工程设施的稳定性。合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量（differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar， D-InSAR）技术作为一种新型的空间对地观测技术， 为多年冻土区地表变形监测提供了新方法。通过近20年的不断深入研究， 利用D-InSAR技术的多年冻土区地表变形监测取得了大量研究成果。首先介绍了D-InSAR技术测量地表变形的理论基础， 进而概述了D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形测量中的应用现状， 然后总结了D-InSAR测量过程中存在的关键问题及可能的解决方法。在此认识和分析的基础上， 对D-InSAR技术今后在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的发展方向进行了探讨， 以期为D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的推广应用和深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

半潜式浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动特性分析     

陈嘉豪  胡志强 《海洋工程》2019,37(1):20-28

借助FAST软件对OC4半潜式浮式风机平台进行数值计算,分析了影响海上浮式风机平台首摇运动的一系列重要因素及其变化规律(如风向变化、浪向变化、陀螺力矩等)。研究了平台首摇运动所诱导的风机系统动力响应,发现浮式风机首摇运动不仅会加剧平台耦合运动响应,而且还会影响风机的气动性能和加剧锚泊张力波动。提出并探讨了几种减小海上浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动的方法。  相似文献   

利用跨断层形变资料研究天山中段断层现今活动特征     

韩桂红  滕海涛  高歌  李桂荣  张治广 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):72-76

利用2001年以来天山中段多个跨断层形变场地的测量资料，从断层运动方向和断层平均速率2个方面分析天山中段3条断层现今活动特征。结果表明，霍玛吐断裂呼图壁段断层的活动性质为正、逆断和左、右旋交替活动；北轮台-辛格尔断裂库尔勒段断层表现为右旋运动特征，活动性质为逆断性；妖魔山F2断裂乌鲁木齐段的断层活动性质以逆断为主。妖魔山F2断裂乌鲁木齐段断层的活动程度最高，霍玛吐断裂呼图壁段最低。霍玛吐断裂、北轮台-辛格尔断裂、妖魔山F2断裂垂直方向上基本均处于张性变化，前两者水平向处于挤压状态；断层活动速率的时间进程具有阶段性特征，各个时间段转折点有较好的匹配性。  相似文献   

金属矿山坑道重力及微动测量技术应用研究     

王建超  赵毅  曾友强  曾晖 《地质论评》2024,70(S1):137-138

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Simulation of spatially correlated earthquake ground motions for engineering purposes   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

Yongxin Wu  Yufeng Gao  Dayong Li 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(2):163-173

A new model to simulate spatially correlated earthquake ground motions is developed. In the model, the main factors that characterize three distinct effects of spatial variability, namely, the incoherency effect, the wave-passage effect and the site-response effect, are taken into account, and corresponding terms/parameters are incorporated into the well known model of uniform ground motions. Some of these terms/parameters can be determined by the root operation, and others can be calculated directly. The proposed model is fi rst verif ied theoretically, and examples of ground motion simulations are provided as a further illustration. It is proven that the ensemble expected value and the ensemble auto-/cross-spectral density functions of the simulated ground motions are identical to the target spectral density functions. The proposed model can also be used to simulate other correlated stochastic processes, such as wave and wind loads.  相似文献   

辽宁省强震动台网运行与管理     

李林侗  金震  梁永朵  刘琳婷 《东北地震研究》2011,27(3):56-60

本文介绍了台网的运行维护与管理情况,以及海城、伊通4．3级地震强震记录的获取情况,指出了台网现行维护方式的不足,并提出了相应的改进措施。  相似文献   

探索基于地震动峰值加速度的地震灾害评估方法     

陈琳  张明  董奕  王辉山  于威宇 《高原地震》2011,23(3):67-70

将福建省面积按0.05°（约5 km）网格离散化后得到4 361个网格点,在地震发生后根据全省台站的监测数据进行计算,每个网格点都能快速得到地震动峰值加速度。利用这些已经赋有地理信息和加速度的网格点对全省乡镇级单位的行政区进行烈度计算和赋值提出一种基于地震动峰值加速度的地震灾害评估方法。  相似文献